Urbanization and migration
India has witnessed rapid urbanization in the last few years. The urban population has been growing and is projected and is projected to grow at a much faster rate than the rural population. The increase in urban population has been attributed both to natural growth and push migration form villages. In some states, urban poverty seems to be greater than those in rural areas. Among urban areas, poverty rates in small towns are markedly higher than those in large metropolitan areas. Since a disproportionate share of India’s urban population resides in small and medium size cities, the urban poor are also found to be greater in these smaller places.
The growth generates pressure on public infrastructure, including basic health and sanitation services creating a disorganized urban landscape, and constitutes a social crisis that can result in major health risks and pose threats to sustainable development. This growth in urban population leads to the creation of urban slums. Which are at high risk from outbreaks of contagious diseases, such as tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, cholera, typhoid and plague resulting from poor environmental conditions?
Urban sprawl also creates a mobility challenge – access to transportation that is required to meet economic and social needs. The growing transport demand in India accompanied by massive urbanization, increasing vehicular density and growing consumption of energy (mostly fossil fuels) Government and undertaken various initiatives to promote sustainability in the transport sector. These initiatives include the National Urban Transport Policy, National Highway Development Project, and implementation of strict emission norms and development of vehicle efficiency standards. Much more needs be done to address sustainability concerns at the urban level through working with local bodies and other stakeholders.
India has witnessed rapid urbanization in the last few years. The urban population has been growing and is projected and is projected to grow at a much faster rate than the rural population. The increase in urban population has been attributed both to natural growth and push migration form villages. In some states, urban poverty seems to be greater than those in rural areas. Among urban areas, poverty rates in small towns are markedly higher than those in large metropolitan areas. Since a disproportionate share of India’s urban population resides in small and medium size cities, the urban poor are also found to be greater in these smaller places.
The growth generates pressure on public infrastructure, including basic health and sanitation services creating a disorganized urban landscape, and constitutes a social crisis that can result in major health risks and pose threats to sustainable development. This growth in urban population leads to the creation of urban slums. Which are at high risk from outbreaks of contagious diseases, such as tuberculosis, malaria, dengue, cholera, typhoid and plague resulting from poor environmental conditions?
Urban sprawl also creates a mobility challenge – access to transportation that is required to meet economic and social needs. The growing transport demand in India accompanied by massive urbanization, increasing vehicular density and growing consumption of energy (mostly fossil fuels) Government and undertaken various initiatives to promote sustainability in the transport sector. These initiatives include the National Urban Transport Policy, National Highway Development Project, and implementation of strict emission norms and development of vehicle efficiency standards. Much more needs be done to address sustainability concerns at the urban level through working with local bodies and other stakeholders.
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